The question of marrying one's brother's widow, a practice known as levirate marriage, is a complex one with roots in ancient cultures and a specific interpretation within biblical law. While the Bible does address this practice, it's important to understand the historical context and the evolving interpretation of these laws throughout history.
The Law of Levirate Marriage in the Old Testament
The most explicit mention of levirate marriage is found in the Book of Deuteronomy, specifically Deuteronomy 25:5-10. This passage outlines the legal obligation for a brother to marry his deceased brother's widow if she remains childless. The purpose of this practice was multifaceted:
- Preserving the Family Lineage: The child born from the marriage would be considered the legal heir of the deceased brother, ensuring the continuation of his family line and inheritance.
- Protecting the Widow: The widow would be provided for and receive support within the family, preventing her from falling into poverty or becoming vulnerable.
- Social Stability: Levirate marriage promoted social cohesion by maintaining strong family ties and preventing disputes over land and inheritance.
The Case of Ruth and Boaz
A notable example of levirate marriage is the story of Ruth and Boaz in the Book of Ruth. Boaz, a wealthy landowner, was obligated to marry Ruth, the widow of his deceased relative, Mahlon. While the story emphasizes the compassion and kindness of Boaz, it also underscores the legal obligation he had towards Ruth.
Evolution of Interpretation
It's important to note that the practice of levirate marriage was not universally accepted. There were instances where it was rejected or modified. For example, in the case of Judah and Tamar (Genesis 38), Judah's sons refused to fulfill the levirate obligation, ultimately leading to a complex situation resolved through a cunning plan by Tamar.
Levirate Marriage in the New Testament
While the New Testament does not explicitly address levirate marriage, it does offer some relevant insights. Jesus, in his teachings, emphasizes the importance of love and unity within the family. He also highlights the sanctity of marriage and the unique bond between a husband and wife.
In Matthew 19:5-6, Jesus refers to the creation account in Genesis 1:27, stating that "from the beginning of creation, God made them male and female." He goes on to say, "For this reason, a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh." This emphasis on the unique bond between husband and wife suggests a different understanding of marriage than what was implied in the levirate tradition.
The Contemporary Context
The practice of levirate marriage is not widely practiced in the modern world. The legal and social context has changed significantly, and most cultures have adopted different models for inheritance and family structures.
However, the biblical understanding of levirate marriage continues to be debated among scholars and theologians. Some argue that it is a cultural practice that is no longer relevant in the contemporary context. Others contend that the underlying principles of family loyalty and care for the vulnerable, which were part of the levirate tradition, remain important ethical considerations.
Conclusion
The question of what the Bible says about marrying your brother's widow is a complex one with historical and theological layers. While the Old Testament provided specific legal guidelines for levirate marriage, the New Testament emphasizes the unity and sanctity of marriage in a way that suggests a shift in perspective. The contemporary understanding of this practice is largely rooted in historical context and individual interpretation, prompting ongoing discussions and debates.
