The practice of tithing, giving a tenth of one's income to the church, is a topic that has been debated for centuries. While some believe it's a biblical mandate, others view it as a cultural practice that doesn't hold the same weight today. Understanding the biblical perspective on tithing requires examining the historical context, the different interpretations of the text, and how it applies to contemporary Christians. This article explores what the Bible says about tithing to the church, examining the key passages and offering various perspectives.
The Biblical Foundation of Tithing
The concept of tithing first appears in the Old Testament, specifically in the book of Genesis. Abraham, the patriarch of the Jewish faith, offers a tenth of his spoils of war to Melchizedek, the king of Salem, who is also considered a priest of God (Genesis 14:18-20). This act is seen as an early example of offering a portion of one's possessions to God. However, the practice of tithing is formalized in the Law of Moses, found in the book of Leviticus.
Leviticus 27:30-33: A Clear Command
Leviticus 27:30-33 states: "And all the tithe of the land, whether of the seed of the land or of the fruit of the tree, is the Lord's. It is holy to the Lord. If a man wishes to redeem any of his tithe, he shall add to it a fifth of its value. And concerning the tithe of the herd or the flock, every tenth animal that passes under the rod shall be holy to the Lord. He shall not exchange it or change it; if he does exchange it, then both it and its exchange shall be holy; it shall not be redeemed."
This passage is often cited as the definitive biblical mandate for tithing. It clearly states that a tenth of the land's produce and livestock belongs to God. This was a practical way for Israelites to express their gratitude for God's provision and to support the Temple and its priests. The tithe was used to sustain the Levites who were responsible for the Temple services and to provide for the poor and needy.
Other Old Testament Texts
While Leviticus 27:30-33 is the most direct and explicit command regarding tithing, other Old Testament passages support the practice. For example, Deuteronomy 14:22-29 instructs Israelites to tithe their produce every three years and use it to provide for the Levites, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow. Malachi 3:8-10 condemns those who withhold their tithes and promises blessings for those who are faithful in giving.
Tithing in the New Testament
The New Testament offers a more nuanced view of tithing. While it doesn't directly command Christians to tithe, it does address giving and generosity in a broader sense.
Giving and Generosity
2 Corinthians 9:6-8 states: "Now this I say: He who sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and he who sows bountifully will also reap bountifully. Each one must give as he has decided in his heart, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver." This passage emphasizes the importance of giving generously and cheerfully, not out of obligation but out of love and gratitude.
Stewardship and Discipleship
Jesus himself spoke about the importance of generosity in his teachings. In Luke 12:16-21, he tells the parable of the rich fool, warning against accumulating wealth and neglecting spiritual needs. He also taught his disciples to "Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven" (Matthew 6:20). This concept of stewardship suggests that our possessions are ultimately God's and that we should use them to glorify Him.
Applying Tithing in the Modern Context
While the biblical text provides a foundation for understanding tithing, there are various interpretations of how it applies to Christians today. Some churches continue to emphasize the importance of tithing as a spiritual obligation, viewing it as a way to demonstrate faith and support the church's mission. Others focus more on the broader concept of generosity and encourage Christians to give freely and according to their means.
Different Perspectives
- Literal Interpretation: Some Christians believe that tithing is a literal command that should be followed today. They argue that the Old Testament laws, including the tithe, are still binding on Christians.
- Spiritual Interpretation: Others view tithing as a spiritual principle that transcends the specific laws of the Old Testament. They argue that the principle of generosity is more important than the specific amount.
- Contextual Interpretation: Some believe that the practice of tithing should be understood in its historical context. They argue that tithing was necessary for the survival of the Temple and the Levites, but it is not applicable in the same way today.
Importance of Personal Conviction
Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to tithe is a personal one. It should be based on personal conviction and a desire to be faithful to God. Christians should examine their own motivations and consult with their pastors and church leaders to determine how they can best support the church and live generously.
Conclusion
The Bible provides a foundation for understanding tithing. It emphasizes the importance of offering a portion of our resources to God as an act of gratitude, worship, and support for His work. While the practice of tithing is rooted in the Old Testament, the New Testament encourages a broader view of generosity and stewardship. Christians today should consider the historical context, the different interpretations of the text, and their own personal convictions when deciding how to support the church financially and live generously. Whether or not one chooses to tithe, the principle of giving back to God and others is essential to a life of faith.
